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Independent DeFi risk consultancy

Risk work for the people who carry the loss.

We underwrite collateral, size lending markets and publish the reasoning behind both. Advisory, research and curation, held to one standard of proof.

$XX.XmAssets under curation
XXCollateral assessments published
XXMarkets parameterised
0Bad debt to date
What we do

Three mandates, one underwriting standard.

Advisory, research and curation are the same discipline applied at different distances from the risk.

Mandates and venues
Stake DAOMorphoCurve FraxPendleYearnSky
A cap is only as good as the liquidity you can actually reach on the day it matters. Everything we publish exists so a depositor can check that number themselves.
The CrossWorlds standard

Have a collateral to assess?

Send the asset, the target venue and whatever documentation exists. We will tell you within a week whether it clears pre-assessment screening.

contact@crossworlds.fi Read a sample assessment
Research

Every assessment published, including the ones we turn down.

Depositors should be able to read the reasoning behind a cap before they trust it. Each entry states what was verified onchain, what remained an unverified claim, and what we could not close.

Risk assessment C Partner vaults only MAY 2026

frxUSD/scrvUSD LP as collateral in the frxUSD v2 vault

The underlying assets are sound. The pool is not deep enough to liquidate against. Overall grade C, driven entirely by the market layer.

What we assessed

The collateral is the Stake DAO LP token for the Curve frxUSD/scrvUSD pool, proposed for the Stake DAO frxUSD v2 vault. Because frxUSD is the loan asset of that vault, only scrvUSD was carried through the asset layer.

Layer results

LayerDriverScoreGrade
Asset rating — scrvUSDOperational pillar3B
Platform rating — CurveStanding grade5S
Market ratingPool health2C

Why the market layer set the grade

The pool clears the trading-frequency and pool-age tests comfortably, but two criteria pull it to 2: pool TVL sits near the bottom of the grid, and LP concentration is severe, with the largest provider holding a large minority of the pool excluding protocol-owned liquidity.

  • Underlying asset liquidity scores at the top of the grid: the cap is small relative to total available depth
  • Price fluctuation scores mid-grid on max drawdown against the proposed LLTV
  • Pool TVL and LP concentration are the binding constraints
Could not verify

The price feed sub-pillar was left unscored pending confirmation of the oracle configuration for the proposed market. The grade below is therefore provisional on that point.

Recommendation

Eligible for a partner vault mandate only, at a conservative absolute cap rather than a share-of-supply cap, with a re-assessment triggered on any material change in pool depth or LP concentration.

Risk assessmentC 2026

pmUSD partner vault: a mandate built around a single issuer

Placeholder entry. Content to be written from the existing assessment file.

This slot demonstrates how a second assessment sits in the reader. Each publication carries the same structure: what was assessed, the layer results, the binding constraint, what we could not verify, and the resulting recommendation.

Asset ratingB 2026

scrvUSD: yield-bearing crvUSD and the v3.0.3 audit gap

Strong reserves and external ratings, held back by an operational pillar that scores on the weakest of its criteria.

Where the grade comes from

The asset rating takes the worst pillar, and each pillar takes the worst criterion within it. For scrvUSD the operational pillar is the binding one: the audit criterion scores low because the Yearn V3 version actually deployed was not covered by the audits that cover the earlier releases, and no other curator currently uses the asset as collateral, which caps the peer review criterion.

Verified onchain

Contract immutability and reserve visibility were confirmed against contract state, not taken from the issuer questionnaire.

Asset ratingA 2026

sfrxUSD: reserve composition and redemption path

Placeholder entry. Content to be written from the existing research file.

The reader pane keeps a fixed measure of about seventy characters so long assessments stay readable, with tables and callouts breaking up the argument.

Methodology note2026

How we size caps: from observable liquidity to liquidation ability

A cap is a claim about how much collateral can be sold, in a stressed market, before the position goes underwater. Here is how we turn that into a number.

Methodology notes explain the framework rather than grade an asset. They are the documents a prospective client reads to decide whether our reasoning is one they can rely on.

Curation

We set the parameters, and we answer for them.

Curating a lending vault means deciding what may be borrowed against, how much, and at what liquidation threshold. Those decisions are ours, they are public, and they are reversible through governance.

The framework

A two-phase framework, published in full.

Nothing is scored on intuition. Each criterion has a calibrated grid, each pillar takes the worst grade among its criteria, and the final grade is the worst of the three layers.

Phase I — Screening

A hard filter applied before any analytical work begins. Assets that fail pre-assessment screening never reach the scoring stage.

Layer 1 — Asset

What is it worth

Each underlying asset assessed on its own. For LP collateral, every pool token is graded separately; the loan asset is excluded.

IssuerAsset & tokenOperational
Layer 2 — Platform

Who holds it

Every venue in the collateral's dependency chain carries a standing grade, re-rated on its own schedule rather than per assessment.

Curve — SStake DAO — SPendle — S
Layer 3 — Market

Can you sell it

The lending market itself: liquidation ability under stress, oracle design, and for LP collateral the health of the pool behind it.

Pool healthPrice feedLiquidityPrice fluctuation
Red flags

Any sub-criterion scoring D lowers the overall grade beyond the worst-of-layers result. A collateral can be structurally sound and still be rejected on a single unacceptable dimension.

The scale

Six grades, and what each one is allowed to back.

GradeScoreMeaningVault eligibility
S+6Most blue-chip assets: deep liquidity, immutable, long standing life.Investment grade vaults
S5Blue-chip assets with deep liquidity and a high level of trust.Investment grade vaults
A4Less common asset with a solid security set-up, deep liquidity and track record.High yield vaults
B3More niche assets, lower liquidity, slightly higher risk profile, solid security set-up.High yield vaults
C2Too risky for standard vaults, but can fit a special partner mandate.Partner vaults
D1Assessed as too risky to be added to any vault we curate.None
Live mandates

The vaults we curate, and the parameters behind them.

Figures refresh from the Morpho API. Caps and LLTV are the values approved by governance through a Lending Market Adjustment Proposal.

VaultChainLoan assetTVLNet APYCollateral grade
Stake DAO frxUSD v2EthereumfrxUSD$X.XXmX.XX%B
Stake DAO crvUSDEthereumcrvUSD$X.XXmX.XX%A
Stake DAO USDC PartnerBaseUSDC$X.XXmX.XX%C
After listing

Curation does not stop at the listing.

01

Monitor

Pool depth, peg behaviour, LP concentration and oracle health tracked continuously against the levels the grade assumed.

02

Re-assess

A material change in any binding criterion triggers a fresh assessment rather than a judgement call.

03

Downgrade

A downgrade to C restricts the asset to partner mandates. A downgrade to D suspends new deposits pending governance review.

04

Propose

Every cap, LLTV or listing change goes to governance as a Lending Market Adjustment Proposal with the assessment attached.